Reflect: EchoMaster Radar Reflector

Saving Grace: Small boats don’t always show up on the radar screens of larger vessels, which could make you invisible to traffic. Adding a radar reflector such as an EchoMaster from Davis Instruments can solve the problem. The standard EchoMaster, when assembled, ­creates a 12-square-meter cross section visible in the standard 9-9.6 GHz X radar band, making your boat visible to others with radar.

The Snag: Must be installed at the highest point on your boat, so small vessels lacking towers or T-tops might not get the full benefit. You could still ­disappear in another boat’s “main bang.”

Price: $107.99; westmarine.com

Signal: Orion Signaling Mirror

Saving Grace: A signaling mirror fits in your pocket and, in dire situations when all else fails, can be used to reflect the sun’s rays to catch the eye of another passing vessel and alert them that you need help. It doesn’t cost much, doesn’t need batteries, and can catch someone else’s attention if you need it. It comes with a lanyard, so you can attach it to your person should you be in the water. The 3-by-4-inch acrylic mirror does not corrode and features rounded corners so that it won’t scrape or snag.

The Snag: Requires a light source to reflect and, although it could be visible for up to 10 miles, is more for close-range signaling.

Price: $15.99; westmarine.com

Read Next: Best Marine Flare Guns & Visual Distress Signals

Alert: Jet Logic Safety Whistle

Saving Grace: This high-pitched whistle comes with a floating lanyard that clips to your belt or life vest. It’s another inexpensive item that’s easy to carry if you need it. If you’re stuck adrift or taking on water and can’t raise help on your VHF, sometimes a shrill noise can alert a passing vessel that you need help. Again, it doesn’t need batteries or maintenance; you just pull it out and blow. Because it’s made out of plastic, you don’t have to worry about rust or corrosion.

The Snag: Might be hard to hear over ambient wind and engine noise, and works only if other vessels are in close proximity to yours.

Price: $7.99; westmarine.com

The post Three Top Manual Signaling Devices appeared first on Boating Mag.

In September 1983, Capt. Joe Frohnhoefer Jr. purchased a 24-foot Privateer Chesapeake, painted it bright yellow, and launched the first Sea Tow operation, which assisted stranded boaters on the waters of eastern Long Island.

Since then, those yellow Sea Tow boats, along with red TowBoatUS counterparts, have become virtual lifelines for boaters who need assistance but aren’t yet in distress. Combined, they’ve assisted millions of disabled boats over the years, freeing up US Coast Guard resources for emergency-response and interdiction duties.

It turns out that one 13-month period coinciding with that first Sea Tow boat, now four decades ago, also marked milestones for cellular telephones, EPIRBs, GPS, and even the Coast Guard’s rescue swimmer program, which are cornerstones today of boating safety.

 “It all comes down to the distinctive yellow boat showing up to help boaters. That hasn’t changed,” says Capt. Joseph Frohnhoefer III, Sea Tow’s CEO since his father passed away in 2015. “But the technology and the data we derive helps us do that better.”

Here’s a look at how technology has changed for both boaters in trouble and their rescuers.

VHF and Cellular Communication

Early Sea Tow operators installed tall radio masts ashore to receive VHF calls from disabled boaters, while the Coast Guard relayed radio messages from even farther—30 miles or more offshore. Radio over Internet Protocol, beginning in 2005, allowed Sea Tow’s ­far-­reaching VHF shore stations to connect remotely to captains’ ­cellphones, but radio still ruled.

It was also in 1983, ­coincidentally, when the first portable cellular phone, Motorola’s DynaTAC 8000x, came to market. Over time, boaters began to call their local Sea Tow operator directly. “The turning point was around 2003, when cellular ­became ­predominant,” ­Frohnhoefer says. This was the same year that Sea Tow launched its continuously staffed nationwide call center, which now fields more than half of Sea Tow’s ­assistance calls. (­TowBoatUS inaugurated its fleet of red boats in 1987, along with its first 24/7 call center.)

While cellular is more familiar to most boaters, Frohnhoefer stresses that calling on VHF Channel 16 is still the quickest way to reach the closest Sea Tow boat. It’s also preferred when calling the Coast Guard, even though, since 2001, the Federal Trade Commission’s Enhanced 911 program streamlined Coast Guard transfers from 911 dispatchers and required latitude and ­longitude for most 911 ­mobile-phone calls.

EPIRB and PLB ­Satellite Rescue

Up through summer 1982, EPIRBs were detected only by aircraft flying overhead, and this provided rough position estimations at best. In October 1982, the first satellite-received EPIRB signal sent rescuers directly to the capsized ­60-foot sailboat Gonzo, 350 miles off Nantucket. By 1984, satellites covered the globe. In 1987, newer 406 mHz EPIRBs and smaller PLBs added beacon-owner information and refined ­positioning capabilities. ­Beginning in 1997, integrated GPS receivers broadcast precise, near-­instant beacon location.

In 1982 and 1983, three tragedies claiming 374 lives spurred two enormous benefits for boating safety. Shortly after a commercial airliner was shot down for unknowingly entering Soviet airspace, President Ronald Reagan in September 1983 authorized civilian use of GPS, which was intended initially for military use. (The first civilian GPS receiver, Magellan’s NAV 1000, came to market in 1988, offering only intermittent satellite positions; GPS wasn’t fully functional until 1993.)

Another commercial airliner crash, this one into the frozen Potomac River near the US Capitol, and a 605-foot ship that sank just 30 miles offshore in the Chesapeake Bay, made it clear to the Feds that the Coast Guard needed rescuers trained to deploy into the water. Congress finally authorized funds for Coast Guard helicopter rescue swimmers, who have saved more than 100,000 souls since records were digitized in 2002.

Electronic Charts and Auto Routing

Navigation displays have been helping boaters stay off sandbars since the first chart plotter, Datamarine’s Chartlink, which first came out in 1985—two years after Capt. Joe’s first Sea Tow boat. Now plotters streamline requests for help. 

“When we put in a [member’s] position, we see where they are on the chart screen,” Frohnhoefer says, and thanks to automatic-route-planning advancements over the past 10 years, plotters can quickly generate a towboat’s travel time. Sea Tow’s Digital Dispatch System, first launched in 2016, integrates information from a stranded boat’s first phone call with the member and boat details accessed at the dispatch center, and then relays this information directly to the responding captain, and even generates a reassuring text ­message with the towboat’s ETA back to the stranded boater.

Smartphones

Sea Tow’s smartphone app, launched in 2012, brings automation aboard stranded boats. One button ­initiates a phone call to the dispatch center. The app displays numerical latitude and longitude as well as a Google Maps pin marker on the user’s smartphone, and boaters can choose, if they wish, to share that ­position via text message with the responding Sea Tow vessel, or anyone else.

The TowBoatUS app, available since 2011, includes weather and tide information, and also ties into BoatUS membership and Geico insurance accounts.

Other apps are equally helpful. “I’m amazed at how often our captains use ­Google Earth to identify shoaling and find safer ways to get to boaters stranded off the main ­channel,” ­Frohnhoefer says. ­Navionics’ app becomes a great backup (or primary) chart plotter. ­MarineTraffic and AIS allow disabled boaters to identify ­nearby ­commercial ships. A ­cellular internet connection brings times for tides and sunset, weather, and even entertainment while ­awaiting a tow.

Read Next: The Boat Choices of TowBoatUS Captains

Better Boats

Forty years of technological ­advancements also might eliminate the need for a tow. Once-common engine issues such as fuel-pump vapor lock or a flooded carburetor are all but unheard of now. Radian IoT, one of Sea Tow’s preferred vessel tracking and monitoring systems, highlights how vessel monitoring can send preemptive alerts if batteries, bilge pumps, or even engine-room temperatures seem amiss. 

While technology might streamline response, Sea Tow’s core benefit remains exactly as it was in 1983. “[It’s comforting to know] that if something goes wrong, you can always call Sea Tow,” Frohnhoefer says—exactly as his father envisioned more than 40 years ago. “Be prepared to be out on the water longer than you planned. At the end of the day, you don’t want to be out of food, out of water, and then all of a sudden, find out that the boat doesn’t start.”

The post The Evolution of Marine Rescue Technology appeared first on Boating Mag.

Crew-overboard situations require a clear head, a prerehearsed game plan, and the right gear to keep those in the water safe while waiting to be quickly retrieved. ­Eliminate one obvious concern by having those aboard wear personal ­flotation devices (aka life jackets). Prepare for the next action by having one of the following rescue devices aboard to alert and/or assist in retrieval.

Wireless Alarm

Fell Marine MOB+ Basepack Wireless Engine-­Cutoff Switch

The Basics: Offering more freedom of movement than the traditional engine-­cutoff-switch lanyard, wireless engine-cutoff systems combine a hardwired hub unit connected to a fob or wristband to stop the engine and trigger an alarm when the primary fob is submerged in 4 inches of water or travels out of range. An override mode allows other crew on board to restart the engine after six seconds.

Extra Credit: Additional fobs can be worn by crewmembers to alert the captain in the event if someone—or something—goes overboard.

Price: $220; additional bands $22; westmarine.com

Throwable

Jim-Buoy Type IV Ring Buoy

The Basics: The most basic, most essential piece of crew-overboard gear is a simple throwable. Coast Guard regs stipulate that all boats over 16 feet carry a Type IV throwable device, but be wary of the classic seat-cushion type that offers minimal flotation for someone struggling in the water. Opt for a brightly colored ring or horseshoe buoy that offers greater buoyancy and can be mounted within easy reach on a rail or bulkhead.

Extra Credit: Don’t forget to attach a retrieval line to quickly haul in an errant throw, as well as to reel in your ­crewmember once they’ve reached the throwable.

Price: $90; westmarine.com

Read Next: How to Get a Man Overboard Back Aboard

Rescue Sling

LifeSling2 Overboard Rescue System

The Basics: Rescue slings solve the most common issues with the standard throwable by combining a buoyant flotation collar with a 125- to 150-foot retrieving line. The combination allows the driver to circle around the victim and bring the line and buoyant flotation collar to them, rather than force a possibly tired crewmember, weighed down by clothing, to swim to safety.

Extra Credit: An exhausted crewmember can be difficult to get aboard. Combine with hoisting tackle to fashion a lifting sling with up to a 5-to-1 mechanical advantage to make it easier.

Price: $492; westmarine.com

The post Three Man-Overboard Rescue Devices appeared first on Boating Mag.

I love my loudhailer. The booming PA function lends my voice an air of authority. At the very least, it lets me communicate with nearby boaters while standing off. But marine loudhailers are more than bullhorns. They enhance communication and boating safety in a number of ways.

Stand-Alone Hailers

Before we discuss functionality, let’s talk about the 12-volt DC-powered systems themselves. Marine loudhailers come in two versions. One is the stand-alone unit such as the Furuno LH5000 or the Standard Horizon VLH-3000A. Both hailers offer 30 watts of power and provide a variety of functions. 

Integrated ­Hailers

In years past, stand-alone loudhailers were the most popular choice, but in recent times, marine loudhailers built into fixed-mounted VHF radios have taken over in the popularity contest. VHF models with integrated hailers include models such as the Icom IC-M605 and the Standard Horizon GX2400. The built-in hailers in each of these models also offer 30 watts of power, and like the stand-alone hailer, they perform a number of ­functions.

Loud Speakers

A loudhailer is useless without a loud speaker. This hornlike device is a separate purchase that must be installed and connected to the loudhailer unit. I have mounted the 30-watt Standard Horizon 5-inch-round loudhailer/foghorn speaker, facing forward on the hardtop. On a larger boat, you might opt for the 7-inch-wide, 40-watt Shakespeare loudhailer horn.

Both of these loud speakers feature UV-resistant, high-impact white plastic construction, as well as adjustable brackets for various mounting angles. A built-in extension wire usually provides sufficient length to reach the loudhailer units at the helm and connects via a wire splice, RCA plug, or other connector.

PA System

Switching the loudhailer to the public-address function allows you to speak with other boaters or hands at the fuel dock at ranges where it’s too far to shout and be heard over the noise of wind and waves. Just push the mic button to talk. You can even use it to communicate from an enclosed helm with a crewmember manning the anchor at the bow. The volume is adjustable to suit the distance. A listen-back feature amplifies the voices of crew and others responding to you, allowing you to better hear them through the speaker on the loudhailer unit at the helm, facilitating ­two-way communication.

Read Next: Essential Boating Safety Equipment & Checklist

Automated Foghorns

Whenever fog rolls in, I immediately switch the loudhailer to ­automated foghorn mode, which sounds a warning to any approaching vessels, relieving the skipper of the task of performing this safety function manually. There is often more than one mode of the foghorn. With my Standard ­Horizon VHF hailer, for example, you can select from:

• Underway — a 5-second blast every 2 minutes
• Stop — two 5-second blasts every 2 minutes
• Sail — a 5-second blast and two short blasts every 2 minutes
• Tow —a 5-second blast and three short blasts every 2 minutes
• Aground — an 11-second ring every minute 
• Anchor — a 5-second ring every minute

The listen-back function can prove helpful in foggy conditions, allowing you to better hear the sounds of a nearby vessel, such as the rumble of the engine or water splashing off a boat underway. 

Horn and Sirens

Loudhailers can also serve as sound-producing devices to satisfy Coast Guard requirements. In horn mode, for instance, my hailer will blast a horn sound from the loud speaker at the press of the mic button. Loudness can be adjusted by the volume control on the hailer. I can also set my hailer to produce a siren sound, which invariably grabs the attention of all nearby ­boaters.

The post Choosing and Using a Marine Loudhailer appeared first on Boating Mag.

To set up the automated distress function and the digital selective calling features on a VHF radio, you must acquire and enter an MMSI number, and the radio must be connected to or have an integrated GPS. Here, depending on the features of your VHF, are steps you need to take.

First Thing

MMSI stands for Maritime Mobile Service Identity, and you are far safer in your boating adventures if you have logged that number into your VHF, and networked it with a GPS source. You can register for and obtain an MMSI number at boatus.com or America’s Boating Club at usps.org.

Old-School

NMEA 0183 was designed decades ago to allow various electronic devices to “talk to” each other. It has been largely superseded by the NMEA 2000 protocol, but most fixed-mounted GPS units offer an NMEA 0183 output pigtail with four very fine wires. Connect the GPS Data Out to the VHF Data In, and do the same for the GPS In to the VHF Out. Then, go into your GPS’s settings and activate NMEA 0183 to recognize the VHF. When complete, GPS coordinates will appear on the VHF display. Tin the wires with solder, then crimp the connections for best data transfer.

Read Next: Marine Distress Calls Explained

New-School

NMEA 2000 has largely replaced NMEA 0183 except in VHF to chart-plotter protocol and some autopilots. However, VHF companies are finally enabling NMEA 2000-VHF connectivity. With it, connecting a VHF to a chart plotter is as simple as T-connecting the NMEA 2000 cable into the vessel’s NMEA 2000 backbone. Some radios include these two parts; some require an added purchase. Either way, when it’s done, the VHF and chart plotter begin communicating, and the vessel’s geolocation is transmitted with each communication.

Internal Equipment

Some radios such as Icom’s M510 have an internal GPS module. If the radio location has a fairly good view of the sky, it works fine, and the VHF can be considered a backup navigation ­device—it’s pretty slick. 

External GPS Antenna

If the VHF doesn’t have a clear view of the sky, or if the radio doesn’t have built-in GPS, an external GPS antenna might be needed. Icom radios include a dedicated antenna connection for an optional, very small ­antenna that doesn’t require outside power. If there’s NMEA 2000 aboard, connecting the VHF to the backbone allows the radio to receive data from the network antenna. No separate antenna is required, though an extra antenna does provide ­redundant safety.

The post How to Make DSC Fully Functional on a VHF Radio appeared first on Boating Mag.

Inflatable life jackets have crossed over from expensive professional gear to an affordable recreational necessity. With good reason. Not only are they cooler, lighter, and more comfortable to wear, but they are also easier to protect from deterioration and mildew and can stow in a far more compact package than inherently buoyant life jackets.

However, they do their job ­differently than old-school PFDs and require yearly maintenance, which means unpacking the inflatable bladder, removing a trigger mechanism and the C0₂ cartridge, then replacing and ­repacking the bladder. If you keep six of them on your boat, that could be an annual three-hour job, and repack kits cost around $30 each.

Be aware that inflatables are a legal replacement for ­inherently inflatable jackets, but in most states, only if worn while underway. They are also legal replacements only on people 16 years old and older. They are not legal for use on personal watercraft.

How We Tested 

We used an underwater POV cam in an 8-foot pool to record water entry to resurfacing. We started the clock when feet broke the surface and stopped when the “victim’s” head resurfaced. Faster is better, but as long as you know what to expect, we didn’t think the 2-second difference between the fast ones and slow ones mattered.

Repacking

All but one PFD we tested had a similar bobbin and cartridge trigger. Unscrew the bobbin barrel, replace the yellow bobbin—it can go into the barrel only one way and screw the bobbin barrel cap down until the charge window shows green for ready. Then replace the CO₂ cartridge. We deliberately did not clock repacking time. The procedure goes faster with practice, and we repacked them to see how ­complicated it was and how easily we could return them to original ­undeployed shape.

Mustang Survival MIT 150 A/M Convertible

$189.99; Bass Pro Shop and amazon.com

Best Application: Inshore to Nearshore 

Mustang Survival has specialized designing and producing marine safety gear for law enforcement, military, recreational boaters and more since 1967. The MIT jacket is sleek, and the bladder is integrated into the shell rather than stuffed into the shell, as with competitors. When it inflates, it unfolds and can be easily refolded and recharged. Mustang Survival’s MIT 150 offers about 38 pounds/168 newtons of buoyancy.

On-Deck Comfort: The MIT design hugs the neck more than Spinlock models, but they are so light and sleek, I often forgot to take it off when I left the boat. Its front center waist belt buckle is convenient and much appreciated. The seam around the collar was a little raspy on dry land but more comfortable in the water.

Water Comfort: The design of the MIT ensures that there is no sharp bladder edge anywhere near the neck or chest. We found this to be the only one that gave us protection from chaffing, which we think could be very important if rescue were to take more than a few minutes.

Adjustability: The waist strap remains straight as the jacket is pulled over the shoulders. Once buckled, the waist strap can be adjusted from the right side by pulling the strap through a slotted friction buckle until the back strap is snug. The excess strap is fastened in a hook-and-loop enclosure.

Bonus Points: This was by far the sleekest in our test group and very comfortable to wear. MIT’s foldable bladder is genius, easy to repack, and makes it most comfortable in the water. It is simplicity in motion.

Repacking: This is hands-down the easiest to repack thanks to the unique design of the MIT, which integrates the shell with the bladder instead of confining an accordion-folded bladder inside the shell.

Deployment Time: 4 seconds

Deployment Depth: 8 feet

Bluestorm Stratus 35

$159; bluestormgear.com $149.99; amazon.com

Best Application: Inshore to Nearshore

The Stratus 35 provides 35 pounds of buoyancy (about 155 newtons). Its design is similar to the Mustang MIT jacket in that its inflation bladder is integrated into the shell, so when repacking, all one needs to do is fold the shell in thirds and fasten with the hook-and-loop strips. It’s a good-looking jacket and comes in a variety of colors, including camo and Kryptek water camo (for a $20 upcharge).

On-Deck Comfort: This one did rest on the neck. But its breathable, moisture-wicking collar was soft and nonabrasive, mitigating the added contact. The collar is compact and styled into the webbed back yoke that spreads the load and adds comfort.

Water Comfort: This one was the second-most comfortable in the water, but we noticed a little contact with the abrasive bladder. Still, it kept our victim secure with the air passageway well above the water while awaiting rescue.

Adjustability: It buckles in the center, making it easy to put on and keep the back strap from twisting. The large 2.25-inch center buckle is easy to operate, even with gloves. The right-hand waist-strap adjustment was easy to operate as well, and it remained adjusted.

Bonus Points: Similar in design to the Mustang MIT, it repacks easily and wears comfortably. The clear inspection window on the front makes it easy to see if your jacket is ready to save our life.

Repacking: Replacing the bobbin (water-dissolving trigger) and cartridge was easy. Once that was done, the jacket folds in thirds—the outside inward, and that inside over the outside to be secured on a hook-and-loop strip. The collar didn’t return to its original position quite as easily as the yoke, but a kid could manage it.

Deployment Time: 6 seconds

Deployment Depth: 8 feet

Bluestorm Arcus 40

$199; bluestormgear.com $184.99; amazon.com

Best Application: Nearshore to Offshore

The Arcus 40 shared similarities with some Spinlock models. Its 40 designation referenced 40 beefy pounds (179 newtons) of flotation, making it suitable for nearshore and offshore use. The shell around the bladder is zippered and rounded when packed. Its webbing is a heavy-duty 2 inches, and the back yoke is foam-padded for comfort. The device is made for commercial use, but it’s compact, comfortable and economical enough for recreational use.

On-Deck Comfort: We liked this one a lot. Like the Spinlock, it is comfortable to wear, giving plenty of margin around the neck, so it doesn’t chafe. The back padding might make it a bit warm in Southern climes but will make it more comfortable in the water awaiting rescue.

Water Comfort: The zippered shell is designed to protect the neck from chaffing from the inflatable bladder, and it did to some extent, but not completely. The bladder seam inflated beyond the shell, and we felt the abrasive bladder around our jawbone more than around our neck.

Bonus Points: There is a zippered pocket in the lapel to hold a cellphone, wallet or other gear, and though it isn’t big enough for the larger new smartphones, it’s still a handy feature. The thickly padded back has bumped-out foam to add ventilation and comfort—especially in the water. It is surprising how much difference there is between 35 pounds of flotation and 40.

Repacking: The zippered shell is a little harder to arrange around the accordion-folded bladder because it takes two hands to manage the zipper and one to hold the bladder in place while zipping it. We did manage to do it single-handed by inching the zipper up while holding the bottom with one hand and using the other to simultaneously hold the bladder and pull the zipper.

Deployment Time: 6 seconds

Deployment Depth: 8 feet

Read Next: How to Properly Read New Life-Jacket Labels

Spinlock 6D Deck Vest

$419; spinlock.co.uk $389.99; Amazon

Best Application: Nearshore to Offshore 

Spinlock has been making sailing equipment since 1968 and life jackets since 2004. The life jackets come with mesh storage bags that allow them to hang while drying. The 6D includes a lift ring for man-overboard recovery. A crotch strap prevents the vest from riding up, either on deck or in the water. An integrated spray hood will prove welcome in rough conditions. It provides 38 pounds of flotation, or 170 newtons.

On-Deck Comfort: The rounded yoke feels reassuring and comfortable around the shoulders, and its design keeps it off the neck, making the vest an extra measure cooler to wear. The back of the yoke is padded for comfort. It tested as most comfortable on deck.

Water Comfort: We thought that the padding around the neck on the collar would provide comfort when deployed, but it did not. The bladder inflated beyond the neoprene collar and left the sharp edges of the bladder against our neck. While in the water, we couldn’t raise the neoprene collar above the seams. 

Adjustability: The jacket waistband opens conveniently front and center. When buckled, the back strap adjusts easily from both the left and the right with web straps just about kidney height. 

Bonus Points: We liked the clear inspection window and especially that streamlined manual-deployment handle tucked into the lapel. It’s easily accessible and unlikely to snag. Two water-activated LED rescue lights begin flashing on immersion.

Repacking: The bladder has to be folded accordion-style to fit back within the jacket shell. It takes practice to get it into shape and hold it in shape while maneuvering the zipper to pull around it. When done, it was exactly as comfortable as when new out of the package.

Deployment Time: 4 seconds

Deployment Depth: 8 feet

The post Four Top Inflatable PFDs Tested appeared first on Boating Mag.

In the event of an emergency on the water it’s essential that boaters in distress are able to signal would-be rescuers, and arguably, nothing does this better than visual distress signals. That’s why the U.S. Coast Guard requires vessels over 16 feet to carry them on most waterways, day and night. Here’s how to choose the right signaling devices for the conditions, when to use them, and how to keep them safely stored on your boat.

Article at a glance:

• The US Coast Guard requires most boats over 16 feet in length to carry visual distress signals suitable for both daytime and nighttime use.
• These signals include pyrotechnic devices such as handheld flares, smoke signals and aerial flares, as well as electronic signals and signal flags.
• Most visual distress signals have a short period of activation, and should be used only when boaters in distress are certain that they will be seen by boat, plane or people onshore.

Types of Visual Marine Distress Signal

As the name implies, visual distress signals are meant to be seen, and as such, produce bright flames, colored smoke, repeating flashes of light, or are simply brightly colored flags. The right signal for the event includes several factors, including day or night lighting conditions. Even the curvature of the earth comes into play.

Pyrotechnic Distress Signals

Pyrotechnic distress signals, commonly called flares, are highly visible and relatively inexpensive. However they burn only for a short period of time, so it’s essential that the boater in peril wait to deploy them until they’re reasonably sure that they will be seen. The U.S. Coast Guard requires boaters have onboard at least three signaling devices rated for day use and three rated for night use. While you could satisfy that requirement with just three day/night rated devices, that’s the bare minimum. Most search and rescue experts recommend carrying at least six signals onboard. Remember that flares expire 42 months after their date of manufacture, so keep tabs on your supply to ensure they have not gone out of date.

Flares come in a wide variety of types, described below. Tip – use aerial signals to attract attention and handheld signals to guide rescuers to your exact position.

1. Handheld Flare: Handheld flares produce a bright red flame that’s best seen at night. Though also rated for daytime use, their effectiveness in daylight is minimal. For best results, hold flares by the base at arm’s length using a heat-resistant glove, angling the flare 45 to 60 degrees above the horizon and away from any overhead structures. Flares burn hot and produce dripping “slag” (a heated residue), so hold flares overboard to avoid damaging boat surfaces. Keep the wind at your back so that smoke is carried away. Handheld flares are one-time use; burn time is typically one to three minutes.
2. Smoke Flares: Approved for daytime-use only, smoke flares are also considered one of the most effective choices for daylight emergencies. Available as either handheld flares or contained in a floating canister, when activated, smoke flares produce orange-colored smoke for 40 seconds (handheld) to three minutes (canister), and that smoke typically remains visible for minutes after, even in a moderate wind. Always check both wind direction and current before activating so that the smoke produced is carried away from, rather than engulfing, your boat.
3. Self-Contained Aerial Flare: Self-contained aerial flares send a firework-like meteor to heights of up to 450 feet, increasing their visibility. Burn time, however, is typically under 10 seconds, prompting the US Coast Guard to suggest that they be sent up in pairs, the second flare being launched as the first extinguishes, to better pinpoint location and direction. Ignition systems include firing tabs or pull cords, typically accessed under a cap at the flare’s base. Point the flare skyward and away from your body before firing.
4. Safety Launcher: Pistol-like flare guns, or safety launchers, fire cartridge-contained meteors as high as 1,000 feet, dramatically increasing visibility (21 to 27 miles). Burn time, however, remains short at roughly six seconds. Load flare cartridges into the gun, then fire skyward, again at a 45- to 60-degree angle for best results. Give a flare gun the same respect you’d give any firearm. Avoid overhead objects. Use eye protection or look away when firing to protect your face from discharge and/or sparks.
5. Parachute Flare: Available in both self-contained aerial flare cartridges as well as flare-gun cartridges, parachute flares have the advantage of increasing hang time to maximize visibility. Burn times typically range from 25 to 45 seconds. A SOLAS-rated (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea) parachute flare can launch as high as 1,000 feet and be visible up to 47 miles away.

Nonpyrotechnic Distress Signals (Electronic Flares and Flags)

1. Electronic Flares: Electronic flares, or e-flares, are approved for nighttime-use only and can, at least technically, replace the requirement for one handheld flare. Battery-powered lights use multiple LEDs that flash the universal SOS distress signal in Morse code. Visibility can extend up to 10 miles; battery power can last in excess of 35 hours. Hang or secure e-flares as high as possible to increase visibility. They can also be held by hand, and even taken into the water should you be forced to abandon the vessel.
2. Orange Distress Flag: Low-tech but reliable, the classic orange distress flag (typically a 3-by-3-foot orange flag with a black square and circle) is visible at close range and most effective in bright sunlight. Consider hanging the flag on a boat’s rigging or antenna, or waving it attached to a paddle, a boat hook or even a fishing rod to increase visibility.

Read More: Marine Distress Calls Explained

4 Recommended Visual Distress Signals

Visual distress signals are widely available. When choosing, keep in mind where you boat, including how far offshore you may go. We recommend the following products, including a complete kit for best protection, affordable handheld flares, a floating smoke signal and an LED distress light, all from well-known brands in the marine signal market.

Orion 25 mm Alert Locate Plus Signal Kit

This kit provides nearly all the items coastal and offshore boaters require, including a 25 mm safety launcher, four 25 mm red aerial signals, three red handheld flares, two orange smoke signals, a safety whistle, and a signal flag. Exceeds USCG requirements for brightness and burn time. The heavy-duty storage case floats and protects contents, and its bright-orange color is highly visible.

• Type of signal: Day/night, pyrotechnic, aerial and handheld
• Best for: Coastal/Offshore boating day or night
• Required: Satisfies all USCG requirements
• When to check/shelf life: Pyrotechnics expire 42 months after date of manufacture
• Price range: $335 – West Marine Shop Now

Why we like it: Self-contained kit covers multiple needs, includes safety launcher, both handheld and aerial flares, smoke signal, safety whistle, and flag.

Comet Marine/Orion Floating Smoke Signal

Orange smoke flare offers the most obvious, long-lasting visual signal during daylight hours. The buoyant canister doesn’t require a passenger to hold it, freeing them up to do other tasks, and it burns more than three times longer than its handheld alternative.

• Type of signal: Smoke
• Best for: Daytime boating, lasting visual marker
• Required: Satisfies requirement for one of three visual distress signals
• When to check/shelf life: Expires 42 months after date of manufacture
• Price range: $90

Why we like it: Rather than having to be held, a floating signal can be activated and tossed overboard. Highly visible during daylight hours, it lasts longer than a handheld flare.

Orion Red Handheld Flares Three-Pack

This trio of handheld flares satisfies the USCG requirement for both daytime and nighttime signaling. Flares burn for up to three minutes and produce bright red flame. It’s a low-tech but effective, affordable solution.

• Type of signal: Pyrotechnic
• Best for: Nighttime boating
• Required: Three-pack satisfies requirement for night/day usage
• When to check/shelf life: Expires 42 months after date of manufacture
• Price range: $39 – West Marine Shop Now

Why we like it: Simple, low-tech, inexpensive solution that’s ideal for pinpointing your precise location.

Sirius SOS Distress Light With Flag/Whistle

Electronic SOS Distress Light features an omnidirectional LED visible for up to 10 nautical miles. Flashes a continual SOS pattern for up to 60 hours—four times the USCG requirement. Comes with an orange distress flag for daytime signaling, as well as a whistle to meet audible signal requirements.

• Type of signal: Electronic
• Best for: Nighttime boating, longest run time
• Required: Can satisfy requirement for handheld flares
• When to check/shelf life: Runs on three C batteries
• Price range: $90 – Bass Pro Shop

Why we like it: Visual electronic signal can be seen from both across the water from up to 10 miles away and overhead. Lasts up to 60 hours.

Considerations When Purchasing Visual Distress Signals

In addition to satisfying USCG requirements, there are other factors you should take into account when purchasing visual distress signals.

• Boat Size: Visual distress signals are required for boats 16 feet in length or greater operating on the high seas, coastal waters, the Great Lakes, the territorial seas, and those waters directly connected to the Great Lakes and territorial seas, up to a point where the waters are less than 2 miles wide. For boats 16 feet and under, distress signals are required only when operating between sunset and sunrise.
• Redundancy: While a minimum of three visual distress signals rated for both daytime and nighttime use satisfies the USCG requirement, common sense dictates that additional flares and signals add redundancy.
• Body of Water: Boaters on larger bodies of water should realize that attracting attention might be exponentially more difficult, and should consider options such as aerial flares, which can be seen at far greater distances.

Closing Remarks & FAQ

Have additional questions about visual distress signals and their use? Find a list of frequently asked questions below.

Which visual distress signals are approved for use at night?

Handheld red flares, launchable aerial flares (including parachute flares), and USCG-approved electronic signals are all acceptable for nighttime use.

Which visual distress signals are approved for day use?

Both handheld and aerial flares are approved for day use, as are smoke flares and signal flags.

How many visual distress signals should you have on your boat?

The USCG stipulates that boats required to carry visual distress signals have a minimum of three signals that can be used both day and night. Boaters have the freedom to decide which devices they want to meet that stipulation. The most common pairing would include three red handheld flares. An electronic signal light could also be combined with a combination of flares and smoke signals. Carry backups in case a signal fails, or if you need to signal multiple times.

What are the legal requirements for visual distress signals?

All recreational boats operating in US coastal waters or the Great Lakes, or bodies of water directly connected to US coastal waters or the Great Lakes up to a point where those waters are less than 2 miles wide are required by law to be equipped with visual distress signals. Exceptions exist for boats less than 16 feet in length, boats participating in organized events, and open sailboats less than 26 feet in length without an engine. Manually propelled vessels are required to carry visual distress signals only at night.

Are electronic flares as reliable as traditional pyrotechnic flares?

Electronic flares are reliable but are only as good as their batteries. Electronic flares or signals generally last far longer than pyrotechnic flares, up to 60 hours.

How should boaters store visual distress signals?

Ideally, store visual distress signals in a waterproof canister or a box that floats, and place that container in an easily accessible location. Bright colors, like orange, will make the container easier to find. Make sure your entire crew knows the location of the distress signals, as well as how to properly use them.

At what distance can visual distress signals be seen?

The curvature of Earth greatly affects any visual distress signal’s ability to be seen. As a rule of thumb, a handheld flare’s line of sight extends to about 5 miles; a 12-gauge meteor can be launched about 250 feet into the air and be visible for about 21 miles; a 25 mm meteor will reach heights up to 375 feet and be visible as far as 27 miles away; and a 25 mm parachute can reach as high as 1,000 feet and extend potential visibility to more than 40 miles.

The post Best Marine Flare Guns & Visual Distress Signals appeared first on Boating Mag.

Every boater wants their day of aquatic fun to be safe, so developing a boating safety checklist is a no-brainer. Naturally, different types of boats and boating activities will require slightly different safety gear. And Coast Guard requirements for boats over 16 feet, smaller boats, and boats significantly larger have some differences. So, you’ll want to create a safety checklist and a boating safety-equipment checklist of your own. By the time your eyes reach the end of this article, that should be no problem.

Article at a glance:

• Required and suggested safety gear
• Vessel safety checks
• Creating your boating safety checklist

Safety Gear All Boaters Should Have On Board

Boating safety gear can break down into what is required and what is suggested. Some boaters simply meet the requirements and stop there, but having additional safety gear aboard is always a good call. Remember that whenever you have a question about safety gear for your boat, the USCG has the final word.

Life Jackets

When to check gear: Make sure they’re aboard every outing; check the straps and fabrics monthly for deterioration.

The law requires you to have a Coast Guard-approved life jacket in good condition aboard and readily accessible for each and every passenger. In most states, children under age 13 are required to wear life jackets when underway (check the law in your state).

There are many different types of life jackets (see the US Coast Guard PFD Selection webpage to learn more). Some are better than others for specific purposes, so be sure to research the different types before outfitting your boat. Also, make sure you have the correct sizes for everyone aboard; ill-fitting life jackets can be overly restrictive, ride up on the user, or even slip off.

Signaling Devices

When to check gear: Make sure they’re aboard every outing; check annually for serviceability. Remember that flares are stamped with an expiration date and must be replaced regularly.

All boats need to have sound-producing devices and visual distress signals. Whistles and horns are the most common audible signals, while flares and electronic flares are good choices for visual distress signals.

Electronics

When to check gear: Every outing upon departure.

Electronics aren’t required safety gear, but they certainly add a huge level of safety to every trip. Chart plotters help prevent navigational errors that lead to accidents; satellite messengers, EPIRBS and PLBs let you send an SOS to search and rescue personnel at the press of a button; and VHF radios allow you to maintain communications with other boats, marinas and authorities. Of all these items, the VHF is generally considered the most important for all boats to carry because you can alert the Coast Guard of an emergency and establish communication at a moment’s notice. The cellphone in your pocket can add another communications layer, but remember that it should never be relied upon for emergency communications on a boat.

First-Aid Kit

When to check gear: Seasonally

A first-aid kit is another item that isn’t required but most certainly recommended. It’s best to buy one specifically designed for marine use, which will come in a waterproof box or case. Along with all the usual basics, it also includes items appropriate for emergency situations at sea, like an emergency blanket that can be used to treat hypothermia.

Fire Extinguishers

When to check gear: Monthly

Depending on the size, configuration and type of boat you have, one or multiple fire extinguishers may be required. Even if not required, keeping a fire extinguisher aboard is always a good idea. They should be in the mount provided with the extinguisher, located in an area with easy access, and must be replaced within 12 years of manufacture. Note that Class B fire extinguishers (which can put out flammable liquid fires like gasoline or oil) are needed for boats, and most safety experts recommend having a “tri-class” extinguisher (A, B and C), which puts out ordinary combustibles, flammable liquids and electrical fires.

Nighttime Boating Safety Gear

When to check gear: Monthly, or prior to any outing expected to include boating in the dark.

All boats operating at night require some form of illumination, as specified in the USCG regulations. Beyond that, you can increase your boating safety margin while navigating at night with radar. There are also several night-vision camera and scope options available.

The Importance of a Vessel Safety Check

No matter how careful you are working up your Coast Guard-approved boat safety kit and developing your own boat safety-equipment checklist, people make mistakes. It’s always a good idea to have a second set of eyes check things over. Fortunately, it’s easy (and free) to set up a vessel safety check, also known as a courtesy safety check. These are performed by a Coast Guard-approved vessel examiner. This way, you’ll find out ahead of time if anything is missing or amiss, which not only boosts your safety level but also means you won’t get a ticket if your boat gets inspected randomly by the authorities while out on the water. Plus, you get a decal to put on your boat, so when Coast Guard or marine police personnel see the boat out on the water, they know it’s already been inspected.

Creating a Boating Safety Checklist

OK, are you ready to make your boating safety checklist? Start by visiting the USCG website and determining the specific required gear for your boat. Then scan back through this article and add the optional items you believe are important for the way you use your boat. Remember that a safety checklist is a living document you’ll want to update annually, as well as when you get a new boat or take up a new activity.

Closing Remarks & FAQ

You and your family are about to have fantastic experiences aboard your boat, and as long as you keep safe, you’ll all keep smiling. Your boating safety checklist will help ensure that’s exactly what happens for many years to come.

1. What are the essential safety-gear items that boaters should have on their boat?
   All boats must carry the appropriate life jackets for everyone aboard, a signaling device, and the required lighting, if operated at night. Some boats have additional requirements, such as fire extinguishers. And it’s smart to also carry optional safety gear, like a first-aid kit and communications devices.
2. How often should these gear items be checked or replaced?
   It varies by the specific item.
3. What checks should be made prior to heading out on the water to ensure safety?
   Check to make sure life jackets and signaling devices are aboard, and test electronics to make sure they function properly. If you’ll be out after dark, also check all your navigational lights.
4. What is a vessel safety check, and how can it be scheduled?
   A vessel safety check is a free inspection of your safety gear by a Coast Guard-approved vessel examiner. Visit the USCG Auxiliary Vessel Safety Check webpage to schedule one.
5. Are certain items needed when boating at night?
   When boating at night, you’ll need the illumination called for by the Coast Guard regulations for your specific type of boat. You’ll also need a visual distress signal approved for nighttime use.
6. How should a boater create their checklist, and where should they keep it?
   You can start developing your checklist right now, using this article and the links we’ve provided. Where you keep it is your call, just make sure it’s handy before every trip.

The post Essential Boating Safety Equipment & Checklist appeared first on Boating Mag.

Personal locator beacons (PLBs) and emergency position-indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) are tools that most boaters hope they will never have to use, but they can literally save your life. Able to instantly transmit a radio distress call via satellite, these high-tech devices work almost anywhere in the world and aren’t limited by cloud cover or extreme weather. Modern PLBs and EPIRBs equipped with built-in GPS are typically able to pinpoint your location down to a 100-meter radius in two to three minutes and instantly transmit it to rescue authorities.

Both PLBs and EPIRBs work by transmitting distress signals to a network of search and rescue satellites called Cospas-Sarsat. The network and beacons communicate on the 406 Mhz radio frequency reserved solely for distress calls worldwide, which is why you’ll sometimes hear them referred to as 406 Mhz beacons. When the satellites pick up a distress signal from a PLB or EPIRB, they relay the information to a global mission control center. Search and rescue authorities then quickly determine the location of the beacon and dispatch rescue teams to the area. Since the first Cospas-Sarsat satellites were launched in 1982, the system has aided in the rescue of more than 46,000 people.

Here’s how to decide which type of beacon is best for you and your type of boating, considerations and recommendations when purchasing, and the answers to some of the most commonly asked questions about emergency locator beacons.

Article at a Glance:

• Both personal locator beacons (PLBs) and emergency position-indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) link to satellites overhead to quickly and easily send a distress signal, alerting local search-and-rescue (SAR) agencies.
• Personal locator beacons are designed to locate an individual, and should be attached to the user via clip, lanyard or strap.
• Emergency position-indicating radio beacons are registered to a specific person and vessel, and when activated send a distress signal with vital information and GPS position.
• All EPIRBs can be activated manually. Category 1 EPIRBs are also designed to activate automatically in the event a craft is sinking.
• Emergency beacons must be registered with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (or appropriate authority for non-U.S. boaters) and linked to an individual person or vessel.
• Some satellite communicators also include the ability to send a distress signal.

Types of Marine Emergency/Rescue Beacons

Deciding which type of emergency beacons is best for you depends on a variety of factors, including the size and type of vessel and the remoteness of your boating locations. Here’s a breakdown of the most popular emergency rescue beacons on the market, including PLBs, EPIRBs and satellite communicators with distress-call capability.

• Personal Locator Beacon (PLB): As the name implies, personal locator beacons are meant to locate an individual person. As such, ideally they should be attached to a life jacket or clothing or placed in a pocket. When activated, PLBs send a 406 Mhz satellite signal, which is forwarded to local search-and-rescue organizations along with the holder’s GPS coordinates and basic info such as name, address, emergency contacts and medical conditions. Batteries remain dormant until the device is activated, then typically transmit for 24 to 30 hours. Dormant batteries maintain a charge for up to five years. Some PLBs can transmit brief, pre-programmed nonemergency texts or emails to let friends or family know that the user is OK and provide an update on location. Extras? Consider a model with an LED strobe light to pinpoint your location.

• Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB): Rather than a person, EPIRBs are registered to a vessel. When activated, EPIRBs broadcast a 406 MHz signal that is received and forwarded to the appropriate search-and-rescue organization, such as the Coast Guard or local law enforcement. That signal includes the boat’s name, description and GPS coordinates. Category 2 EPIRBs must be manually activated by someone aboard. Category 1 models can also be manually activated, but include a designated mounting bracket that releases the EPIRB once it senses 6 feet of water pressure. The EPIRB then floats to the surface and begins transmission automatically. Extras? Look for “smart” EPIRBs, which include a display noting the unit’s health and remaining battery life, offer activation prompts, and indicate that emergency messages have been received.

• Satellite Communicators: Designed primarily for satellite-based communication when outside normal cellphone range, satellite communicators wirelessly link to a smartphone to essentially turn your phone into a satellite phone. Most of these devices, including Garmin InReach, Spot X and ACR Bivy Stick, also include interactive SOS messaging in the event of an emergency. All require monthly service plans. 

Read More: Marine Distress Calls Explained

Recommended PLBs & EPIRBs for Every Boater

PLBs, EPIRBs and satellite communicators are widely available, both online and in marine-/outdoor-specific retail shops. Below is a recommendation for each type of device, based on effectiveness, quality and price.

ACR ResQLink View

Rugged and compact, the buoyant ACR ResQLink offers multiple attachment points, including belt clip and lanyard. When activated, the ResQLink sends an SOS distress signal with GPS coordinates via the 406 MHz Cospas-Sarsat network, along with a 121.5 MHz homing signal to narrow down the search area for responding authorities. Includes an LED strobe light, as well as an infrared strobe light, to pinpoint the wearer’s precise location. $515; Amazon

• Type of beacon: PLB
• Best for: Solo boaters, crewmembers who run the risk of separation from EPIRB-equipped boat
• Price range: $415-$465 – Shop now
• Comparable products: Ocean Signal RescueMe PLB1, McMurdo FastFind 220 PLB

Why we like it: Includes GPS positioning, 406 MHz signal and 121.5 MHz homing capability, along with digital display, strobe and infrared strobe.

Ocean Signal RescueME EPIRB 3

Full-featured 406 MHz global rescue beacon includes AIS technology to allow more precise local information on current beacon position to speed rescue operations. The Return Link Service assures those in distress that their distress signal has been received. Near Field Communication capability allows smartphone monitoring of battery condition and operation. Includes a quick-release bracket, lanyard, and 10-year battery life. $809; West Marine

• Type of beacon: EPIRB
• Best for: Offshore/coastal/Great Lakes cruisers venturing outside cellphone range, boat crews with medical conditions, areas where assistance from other boaters is unlikely.
• Price range: $800 – Shop now
• Comparable products: ACR GlobalFix V4 406 GPS, McMurdo SmartFind G8 AIS, GME MT600G GPS

Why we like it: The RescueMe 3 includes AIS technology and a 121.5 MHz homing signal to speed response time and pinpoint your location for local rescuers, near-field monitoring to view battery status, and both visible and infrared strobe lights.

Garmin InReach Messenger

This small, lightweight, waterproof satellite communicator offers two-way text messaging outside cellphone coverage. It does not operate on the 406 MHz Cospas-Sarsat network and is not a substitute for a properly registered EPIRB or PLB. However, it does offer global text communications and can send an interactive SOS message in an emergency to Garmin’s monitoring and coordination center, which is staffed 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Rechargeable lithium battery provides up to 28 days of battery life. $299; Bass Pro Shop

• Type of beacon: Satellite Communicator
• Best for: Global two-way messaging, interactive SOS
• Price range: $300 – Shop now
• Comparable products: ACR Bivy Stick, Spot X, Iridium Go

Why we like it: Keeps users connected when beyond cell coverage with two-way messaging and offers interactive SOS messaging.

Considerations When Purchasing an Emergency Beacon

Various factors and included features can influence your choice of an emergency beacon. Here are several worth considering.

• Battery Life — Once activated, emergency beacons transmit continuously. EPIRBs typically have 48 hours of transmitting capacity, PLBs a minimum 24 hours, but individual models can vary. Batteries typically last about five years; most are now user-replaceable while others must be sent to the manufacturer or an authorized dealer for battery replacement. Look for indicators to check remaining battery capacity.
• Category — EPIRBs are available in two categories. Category 1 models can be activated manually, as well as automatically deploy if they are submerged—the latter being beneficial if a boat is sinking. Category 2 models feature only manual activation.
• Return Link Service — This feature offers peace of mind to those sending a distress call that the message has not only been received, but also that the beacon location has been identified.
• AIS Technology —Originally designed to prevent on-water collisions, Automatic Identification System technology sends and receives messages from other AIS-equipped vessels containing a boat’s identity and heading. Its incorporation into some EPIRBs allows an AIS distress alarm to be broadcast to vessels within range, and could potentially speed local rescue operations.
• Flotation — Whether Category 1 or Category 2, EPIRBs are required to float. The same does not apply to PLBs, although for obvious reasons, flotation is a valuable feature for boaters.
• Display — Built-in digital displays are offered on some models. They’re handy for checking battery status, and can give operating instructions, lat/lon positions and other useful information.

How To Rent an Emergency Beacon

Boaters who think they might only occasionally need an emergency beacon and wish to avoid the cost of purchasing one can make use of several rental programs, including those offered by BoatU.S. Foundation. GPS-enabled EPIRBs currently rent for as little as $10 per day, $65 per week or $220 per month; PLBs run $7 daily, $45 weekly and $150 monthly.

Closing Remarks & FAQ:

Have additional questions about visual distress signals and their use? Find a list of frequently asked questions below.

• Do you need to register your PLB?

Yes, both new and used 406 MHz PLBs must be registered with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, by law. In addition, if you change address, phone number or purchase a new boat, the registration must be updated. Easy online registration is available at beaconregistration.noaa.gov/RGDB/index.

• Do you need to register your EPIRB?

Yes, both new and used 406 MHz EPIRBs must be registered with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, by law. In addition, if you change address, phone number or purchase a new boat, the registration must be updated. Easy online registration is available at beaconregistration.noaa.gov/RGDB/index.

• What size boat requires an EPIRB?

Commercial fishing vessels operating behind the 3-mile territorial sea line or 3 miles from the coastline of the Great Lakes must carry a 406 MHz EPIRB. A Category 1 EPIRB that will float free and automatically activate is required on vessels 36 feet and above; a manually activated Category 2 EPIRB is allowed on vessels less than 36 feet in length and on craft that have enough documented buoyancy to keep the flooded vessel afloat. In the United States, EPIRBs are not currently required on pleasure craft or recreational boats, but we strongly suggest one for those venturing out into larger waters (uscg.mil).

• Does a PLB satisfy the requirement to carry an EPIRB?

No, a PLB does not satisfy the requirement to carry an EPIRB on commercial vessels.

• What is the difference between Category 1 and 2 EPIRB?

Category 1 EPIRBs are bracket-mounted, and designed to automatically release and activate their emergency signal when submerged to a specific depth, typically 3 to 14 feet. For this reason, they must be mounted outside any cabin in order to be able to float freely away from a sinking vessel.

Category 2 EPIRBs must be manually activated. If installed in a fixed location  aboard, they must be manually removed from any bracket for operation.

• Does an EPIRB have to be mounted?

Only Category 1 EPIRBs must be mounted because they utilize a bracket system that releases and activates the EPIRB when submerged to a specific depth. Category 2 EPIRBs may be mounted to ensure they are always readily available in a known location, but they must be removed and manually activated.

• What frequency are EPIRBs?

Modern EPIRBs and PLBs transmit a continuous signal to satellites via the 406 MHz frequency, reserved solely for distress calls worldwide. This signal allows the receiving authority to locate the beacon’s position, and is encoded with the user/vessel’s identity. Some beacons also broadcast a low-power 121.5 MHz homing signal to further locate a beacon’s position.

• What are the rules for PLBs and EPIRBs?

Both PLBs and EPIRBs must be registered with the National Authority of the country you live in. In the U.S., that’s the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association and you can register free-of-charge at beaconregistration.noaa.gov. A dated registration sticker with a matching Unique Identification Number should also be affixed to the actual device itself. Testing can only be done of a PLB or EPIRB through a specific test position on the activation switch (if equipped) to avoid false alerts. Once activated, a PLB or an EPIRB must be left on until rescued or instructed to turn the unit off from the rescuing agency.

• Where can EPIRBs and PLBs be used?

EPIRBs are intended for maritime use only, but PLBs can also be used off the water by hikers, climbers, aviators and others.

The post Best Emergency Beacons, PLBs & EPIRBs in 2025 appeared first on Boating Mag.

When it comes to signaling for help from the water, probably the first things that come to mind are flares, a VHF radio, or an EPIRB, but there’s a reason that the Coast Guard requires carrying a sound-producing device on boats of all sizes. Sound signals let others know where you are and what your intentions are, especially in low visibility. Here are three types you’ll see on board.

Electric Hailer: Standard Horizon 5-Inch Round Hailer/FogHorn

The Blast: Though not required, an electric hailer or foghorn can be easily mounted on the bow or hardtop and wired into your system, and it’s an excellent way to notify other boaters of your whereabouts in low-visibility conditions. You can use it through your VHF to broadcast preset horn patterns or to serve as a foghorn.

The Muffle: Requires a fixed mount on your boat and is dependent on a working electrical system. If you have to abandon ship, it stays on the boat.

Price: $39.99; westmarine.com

Air Horn: Maxpro Super Blast Marine Signal Horn

The Blast: Everyone ­recognizes the unmistakable sound of an air horn; press the button, and this one produces a shrill blast that can reach up to 119 dB(A). It’s a noise that’s guaranteed to attract attention, provided someone is around to hear it. In the right conditions, the blast can be heard up to a mile away.

The Muffle: The ­compressed ingredients last for only a limited number of blasts before the can empties out and is rendered useless. Hopefully, passing vessels will recognize it as a distress call.

Price: $15.49 for a 3.5-ounce can; westmarine.com

Read Next: Three Types of Signal Flares for Boaters

Whistle: Orion Hear-Me Safety Whistle

The Blast: Wear this waterproof whistle on a ­lanyard or clip it to your belt, and take it out to blow a distress signal when needed. It can project a tweet up to 116 dB(A) (measured at a 1-meter distance) and stops working only when you run out of breath. Depending on weather conditions, ­whistles can be heard up to a mile away.

The Muffle: It might be hard to hear over wind and wave noise in adverse ­conditions, and might be hard to use if you’re ­struggling in the water.

Price: $7.29 for a two-pack; westmarine.com

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